Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs due to excess of thyroid hormone in the system. This can be due 

• Graves disease: In which, an exaggerated auto-immune response leads to overstimulation of the thyroid apparatus.
• Toxic (HOT) nodules/Toxic multinodular goitre: Where one or more thyroid nodules in the gland oversecrete thyroid hormone for no reason.
• Thyroiditis: Where the gland has an inflammatory reaction leading to exodus of the stored thyroid hormone in excess quantities

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:

• Tremor, shakiness
• Palpitations, increased heart beat
• Shortness of breath on minimal exertion
• Increased sweating 
• Weight loss
• Increased bowel movements

Investigations may include 

• Thyroid function tests: To check the exact level of the hormone in the blood to aid in diagnosis and monitoring.
• Thyroid antibodies: To confirm the cause of the disease
• Ultrasound of thyroid gland: To check if there are any nodules in the thyroid gland 
• Technetium uptake scan of the thyroid : This is a special nuclear scan which clearly outlines, which parts of the thyroid gland are producing excess thyroid hormone. This will help in directing the duration and method of treatment

Treatment depends on the cause but is usually with antithyroid drugs or with radioactive iodine therapy.